Fabrication of single piece definitive obturator for post surgical maxillectomy defect during covid-19 pandemic-A Literature review with Clinical case report

Background: Impacts of primary oncology surgical procedure can impede restoration objectives. Restoring oral function, comfort and aesthetics is a challenge due to limitations in the restorative treatment options. Methodology: Literature review on the responsibilities, role of maxillofacial prosthodontist, materails and retentive aids used for prosthesis, classification of maxillofacial prostheses, recent advancements in MFP and Workflow for the fabrication of obturator prostheses in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Case report on the fabrication of Holllow bulb definitive obturator during pandemic crisis. A 47 years old male patient reported for post-surgical evaluation in maxillary posterior region of oral cavity. The patient had partial maxillectomysurgical procedure of squamous cell carcinoma in the palate 5 years back. To replace the gap created, the patient was using interim obturator. He had facial asymmetry and collapse. Prosthodontic rehabilitation with one piece closed hollow bulb obturator was planned & subsequently fabricated for the patient. For our case considering the feasibility & ease of manipulation, heat activated acrylic resin was used for this particular patient for rehabilitation. The method described is easy, simple, time saving & economical. Bulb portion was hollow & made of heat cure resin, so weight was less & less chances of tissue irritation. Results: With the Covid-19 infection protocol measures taken definitive obturator was given to the maxillectomy patient to restore aesthetics, function and comfort as well. After insertion of prostheses mastication, deglutition and phonetics were improved. Breathing problems were resolved and aesthetics was improved. Conclusion: A simplified technical approach for the treatment of a patient with palatal defect of and other supportive structure has been presented in Covid-19 situation following the described infection prevention protocols. The technique presented offers a method of obtaining a detailed impression of the defect and promptly provides the patient with a light weight, easyto-use and flexible tissue-tolerant obturator.

Novel antiviral effects of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and green tea catechins against SARS CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and 3C-like protease for COVID-19 treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Coronaviruses are globally emerging viruses that threaten our health care systems and have become a popular pandemic around the world. This causes a sudden rise in positive coronavirus cases and related deaths to occur worldwide, representing a significant health hazard to humans and the economy. METHODS: We examined predominantly catechins of green tea include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and drugs of chloroquine (CQ), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appearing to reveal anti-viral activities. Data were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. To investigate the role of antiviral effects (CQ and HCQ), green tea catechins, beneficial use of convalescent plasma; covaxin in COVID-19 patients faced a dangerous healthiness issue. Computational docking analysis has been used for this purpose. RESULTS: The lead compounds are EGCG and ECG act as potential inhibitors bind to the active site region of the HKU4-CoV 3CL protease and M-Pro protease enzymes of coronavirus. Conclusions: SARS-COV-2 is a pathogen of substantial vigour concern and the review unveils the role of catechins associated with many viral diseases. We suggested that the function of green tea catechins, novel drugs of CQ, and HCQ exhibit antiviral activities against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (CoVs).

TELECOM - BACKBONE OF INDIA'S DIGITAL ECONOMY: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

Before pandemic, Indian Telecom industry after 25 years journey, transformed as oligopoly of only four players from a competitive market of 15 players in 2015, was ailing due to disruptive price war, high costs of spectrum acquisition and rising debt burden struggling for its survival. But during the country-wide lockdown due to COVID-19 in 2020, the average daily data traffic of 250 petabytes per day as of December 2019 increased to 370 petabytes with a salient shift in traffic from urban to outskirts and rural areas and from offices to residential areas emphasizing the exigency of telecommunications in maintaining economic activity. The telecom sector's contribution to India's GDP is estimated to escalate substantially during pandemic time. Post pandemic, the efficient competitive market development by combined efforts of the telecom operators, the government and the regulator will be a key for the success of Indian digital economy.

Resetting PPP in Infrastructure Model in India Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

This article has set out to understand why a large number of public?private partnership (PPP) projects delayed stalled and terminated in the largest PPP program in India. Based on quantitative and case-study-based qualitative research, this study finds that the incomplete nature of PPP contracts, uncertainty and information asymmetry leads to adverse selection, moral hazard, opportunism and holdup of the PPP projects. The inefficacious and inequitable allocation of risks among stakeholders and lack of contract management skills in project authorities exaggerated the problems, and the final outcome is a large number of failed projects and no participation from private developers in future projects defeating the very purpose of adopting the PPP model to build public infrastructure. This study proposes a 20-point conceptual institutional framework suggesting policy and project-level measures for effective execution of the future PPP program in India and developing countries with similar socioeconomic environment post-COVID-19 pandemic amid recessionary conditions.